Firearm.



UNITED STATES PATENT 'oi-anion.

GRANT HMMOND, OF HARTFORD, CQNNECTCUT, ASSIGNCR F ONE-THIRD TO ALVA C.WASHBURNE, OFPITTSFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, AND ONE-THERE TO FREDERICK G.

CRANE, DF DALTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

FIREARM.

Patented May 4, 1915.

Animation flied my 1e, 1913. serial No. 779,272.

My inventionrelates more especially to that class o'tiircarn'is that areself acting or automatic in their operation, and an object of-myinvention, among others, is to provide a firearm that shall be extremelyaccurate in its fire, effective and safe in operation, and one thatShall withstand to a maximum degree the injurious effects produced bythe gases of explosion orv products of combustion.. l

One iform of mechanism embodying my invention and in the constructionand use of which the objects hereinabove set out, as well as others.vmay be attained, is illustrated in the` accompanying drawings, inwhich- Figure 1 is a view partly in Side elevation ot' a firearmembodying my invention with parts brokenv away to show construction.Fig. 2 is ade'tail top'view of the breech-bolt. Fig. 3 is adetail sideview of the same, this figure also showing views of each end of thebolt. F ig. 4 is a detail bottom View of the breech-bolt. Fig. 5 is adetail View in central longitudinal section through the breechbolt. Fig.6 is a View in cross section through the upper part of my improvedpistol on plane denoted by dotted line 6 6 of Fig. 1. wise. sectionthrough the upper part of the pistol showing the means for releasing thebreech-bolt from the casing. Fig. 8 is a detail view' shon'ing theconstruction and operation of the catch for holding the casing sectionstogether. Fig'. 9 is ardetail view in lengthwise section, looking down,illustrating. the means for engaging the breech-bolt within thereceiver. Fig. 10

a view in section through the barrel illustrating the construction ofthe tube [forming me wall of the expansion chamber. Fig. 11 is a detailview illustrating' the means for connecting the receiver with the frame.

In the accompanying drawings the numeral 10 denotes the handle, 11 thetrigger i.. guard, `12 the trigger, and 13 the receiver of my Vimprovedfirearm.

Fig. 7 is a detail view in length- The receiver has a threaded opening14 in which the reduced threaded end of a barrel 15 is secured. Y

. A barrel sleeve 16 is secured to the outer threaded end of the barrel,within which sleeve an expansion chamber 17 is located, a tube 1Ssecured within a casing 19 forming one wall ot' this expansion chamber.,The casing 19 has a sliding it upon the sleeve 16, the tube 18 havingran enlarged end 20 Secured within the threaded end of the casing, saidtube being located in position to provide a space between it and theSleeve 16 which space constitutes the chamber 17. The sleeve 1G iscounterbored to provide the expansion chamber 17, 'and the fend of thebarrel terminates a slight distance from this counterbored part forminga relief opening 21 of less diameter than the expansion chamber, but ofgreater diameter than the opening in the barrel, through which reliefopening the gases of explosion pass from behind the bullet and aroundthe Sides into the expansion chamber.

Arecess 43 is formed in the enlarged end A space is left between the endof the casing 19 and the flange 47 of the enlarged end 20, within whichspace a thin instruinvent or the thumb nail may beV inserted to pressthe locking` pin inward and release it from its groove to permit turningmovement of the tube 18.

The end of the sleeve is reduced as at 2.2 to provide an end wall ci a.spring chamber 23 for a. compression spring 24: that rests with one endagainst the shoulder at the reduced end of the sleeve and presses withits other end against a shoulder within the breech section1 26 of thecasing, the latter closely iitting'the exterior of the receiver andbeing freely slidable thereon.

A breech bolt 27 is located in a breech bolt chamber in the receiver 13,this breech' cartridge 29, abushng 3Q being located ,l

the bottom of a recess .81 in the breech bolt and the firing Vpinextending through this bushing. This'bushing is held in place by a pin33 and it has a shoulder A34 against which one end of a breech boltactuating spring 35 rests, the other end of the spring resting against ashoulder 37 ona firing pin sleeve 36 projecting into the breech bolt.The spring acts by torsional force, the shoulders 34 and 37 resistingr.rotative movement of the spring. locking lugs 38 arranged to passthrough liring pin releasing grooves 39 into'a firing pin' lockinggroove 40 formed in the wall of the opening in the breech bolt. Aretainer 41 for the ring pin extendsthrough a slot 42 inthe pin, thispermitting a limitedmovement of the pin suflicient, however, to effectits purpose. Force is created in the breech bolt actuating spring byexpanding it, and its action upon the breech bolt is therefore acompressing action. This normal tendency to compression causes the coilsto lie close together, and therefore should the spring break the brokenends will be forced one against the other and the utility of the springwilltherefore not be destroyed from this cause. This is an importantfeature of my invention. 1

A spring actuated latch. 48 lisy slidably mounted inthe head 49 of thefiring pin sleeve to engage within a notch 50 in the end of thebreech-bolt. This latchfits within a lipped groove, as clearly shown inthe right hand end view of Fig. 3 ofthe drawy ing, a spring 51 holdingthe latch normally in 'engagement with the notch, in which povsition ofthe parts the spring 35 is under tension. The latch has a releasing lu52, that is adapted to strike the edge o the receiver, or a notch insaid edge, when the breech-bolt .is inserted in its chamber, and releasethe latch from engagement with the notch 50. At this time the iring pinsleeve is held from turning movement by reason of the engagement of lugs90 thereon within the releasing grooves 54 hereinafter mentioned, andthe breech-bolt therefore turns (in the construction shown toward theri'ght) upon the firing pin sleeve, under the influence of the, spring35. When the breech-bolt is thus inserted, breech-bolt locking lugs '53upongthe breech-bolt pass through breech-bolt releasing grooves 54 intoa breech bolt locking groove 55, which grooves are formed in the wall ofthe breech-bolt chamber in the receiver 13. At

consequent turning movement of the breechl the time of release of thelatch 48, and the The firing. pinY sleeve hasF A breech-bolt actuatinglug 56 projects from the back edge of the opening through the breech'section 26 of thecasing into the breech-bolt chamber, this lug beingshaped and positioned to be passed along .a ten'- sioning groove 57 (seedotted lines in Fig.`

seated upon a spring within the breech-heini; said catch having a camsurface 61 to per-l` mit passage of the actuating lug 56 therefff` over,said lug engaging the ,back of the catch and moving the breech-bolt'backward' as the breech section 26, of the casing moves backward, theforward movement of said casing causing said lug, acting Within thetensioning groove 57,-to rotate the boltand tension the spring, thismovement placing the lugs 53 in position to enter the grooves 54 'andpermit the backward movement of the bolt.

These turning movements of the breech-bolt upon the iring pin sleeve arenot, however, sufficient to cause the lugs 3S to register with thereleasingvgrooves 89 and the release of the firing pin sleeve istherefore not edected.

v1A catch releasing lug 62 is formedon the inner surface of the receiver`13, as clearly shownin Fig. 7 Vof the drawings, the end of this catchreleasinglug .being located'in thesame plane as the end of the actuatinglug 56, the latter resting against the lug 62',

when the casing 26 is at the backward limit of its play. As thebreech-bolt is moved backward by the lug 56 the cam 61 0n the pin 60engages the lug 62, causing the catch to be forced downward and releasedfrom engagement with the lug 56.

The firing' pin has a fin 63 located in a slot in the firing pin sleeve,resting nor-A mally against the end of the' breech bolt, as

vshown in Fig. 4 of the drawings, this fin being adapted to enter a ringnotch 64 in the end of the breechbolt when the latter is in position forfiring'. When the breechbolt is forced ahead to insert a cartridge intothe barrel, the fin 63 rests against the' end of the bolt, and thefiring pin cannot, Y,

therefore, in this action, be forced into contact with the primer of thecartridge and.

thus prematurely discharge it.

An' extractor 65' is mounted upon the breech-bolt and lhas a lip 66arranged to engage the flange of the cartridge shell to remove it fromthe chamber in the barrel as the brcech-bolt is moved backward, theextractor slidingvin engagement with the inner surface of the casingsection 26 that prevents its disengagement from the cartridge shell.

An ejector 67 is mounted 'in a groove the under side of the breech-bolt,this ejector having a recess 68 within which the pin 33 holding thebushing 8() extends to limit vthe sliding movement of the ejector. Anejector finger'lTO is located at the end jof the ejector in position tostrikeL a cartrid e shell as the breech bolt is moved backwar theejector being moved into this position by an ejector actuating pin 7llocated 10 in a hole in the receiver, as shown in Fig. 6

of the'drawings. As the breechbolt is moved backward, this pin engages ashoulder 72 on the ejector, moving it forward at the( proper time toengagev the shellv and force it from the grasp of the extractor 65.

The ejector is moved to its normal position ay engagement with acartridge shell as the breech-bolt moves forward.

A breech-bolt actuating lever 73 is pivotally mounted in the handle andis` forced L1n one direction as by means'oiy a breechl'golt actuatingspring 74 located in a recess in'the handle. The upper end of this leverArests'behind a lug 75 projecting from the side of the breech-bolt, thislug in engagement with the lever tensioning the spring 74,-, as thebreech bolt is moved backward, and the spring 7e in its reaction on thelever causing the breech-bolt'to be moved to its `3() forward position.

The breech 'section 26 oit the casing is securedto the `forward sectionthereof by screw threaded parts, and a holder 7G, seated ilpon a spring77 and held by engagement of a pin 78 ina recess in the holder,

engagesa notch 7 9 in the end of the or- Wardv casing section andretains the casing sections in locked engagement, the holder 76 beingarranged to engage the notch 7 9 4o" vat the time that the sections areseated vone vagainst the other as they are screwed tother, andprojecting beyond the outer surace of the casing for operative purposes.VVThe receiver has a T-shaped lug 8O to enter a 'groove of like form atthel front end of the frame, a receiver holder 8l4 being lof Gated in arecess in the receiver, seated npon a spring, as shown in Fig. 1 of thedrawings, 'and held in place by a small pin engaging recess in the sideof the holder.

This holder is adapted to enter a holding recessr 82 in the'frame, justabove the trigger-'guard and a releasing pin 83 extends from the holderthrough a. slot in the frame.

`At the rear end of the frame a T-shaped K lug is arranged toen-ter agroove of similarA shape in the'receiver, this eonstructiomhowever, notbeing'shown herein.

A breech bolt retaining pin. 84 is arranged to engage in front of thebolt and lis thefbasis of the subject matter of a sepa hold it in itsrearward lposition when a magazine is ejected from the handle when thelast cartridge is tired.A s this also 'forms no part of my presentlinvention but the b1'eech-bolt, thus placing the spring 35 i undertension, the parts now being in the 4 position indicated in Figs. 2,3,and fl of the drawings. A

The breech-bolt is new inserted inthe receiver by passing the lugsthereon and the lugs on the head of'. the firing pin sleeve along thereleasing grooves .Bil in the receiver until the releasing lng on thelatch 48 strikes the end of the` receiver, thus releasing the latch fromthe breech-bolt and `permitting the latter to turn upon the iiring pinsleeve Under the forcee? the spring 35, passing the ingsA into thelocking groove in the receiver, thusloching the breech-bolt in place.,The firing pin, dur ing this action, is held from turning movement byengagement of its lugs 90 in the releasing grooves 4371i in thereceiver. :las the bullet passes along the barrel under they force of'the exploding charge, caused by the action of the hammer and firingpin, the gases expand into the chamber l'r forcing the casing forwardagainst the tension of the,l spring 25e ln this movement the actuatinglng 56, carried by the casing, passes along the tensioning groove 57inthe breechbolt, rotating the breeclnbolt and tensione` ing the spring 35therein, and bringing the lugs into alinement with the breeclrboltreleasing grooves 5i, so that the breech-bolt is now free to morerearward. The lug 56 passes over the catch G() engaging its front edge,and as the casing moves baclmvardly under the action ot' the spring 2l,the breechbolt is n'xovcd lmclmardly to open the breech. T his backwaidmovemcntofthe breech-bolt carries the actuating lever 73, tensioning thespring Tl, and the extractor v 65 p'ulls the shell of the cartridge Q9from the barrel. ln this backward movement of the breech-bolt theejector(37 eneountersfthe actuating pin 7l. moving the ejectn' forward andsnapping the shell out through the breech-bolt opening. it thetermination of Vthis baclmvard movement .of the u breech-bolt, the camsurface (il engages the releasing lng G2 forcing the latter down--\vard,-disengaging it from the `lng 5G and the breech-bolt being thusreleased now moves forward under the force ofthe spring 74 transmitted"Jirough the lever 73. In this forward movement of the breech-bolt the,groove 58 passes along the lugs 56 and loe y 62 and the latch 48encountering the end of the receiver, at the termination of the forwardmovement of the breech-bolt .releases the latter from engagement Withthe irin pin sleeve and the breech-bolt isrturne to its locked positionunder the action of the spring 35, the lugs 53 passing into thebreech-bolt locking groove 55, when the firing operation may berepeated.

claim- 1. A firearm including a frame and a rev face thereof to releasesaid spring seated pin .2O

to permit disengagement of said parts.

l'2j-A firearm including a frame'having a lipped groove and a recess inthe bottom of said groove, a receiver having a lipped pro- Vjection toengage said groove, a holder slidmountedgn the barrel, and a tubesecured to said casing and projecting into the barrel.

ably' inclgsed within the receiver and adapted'to engage said recess topositively lock said parts together, and a releasing-pin secured to saidholder and projecting through -an opening in the receiver to the outersurface thereof to release said holder to permit disengagement of saidparts.

l3. A firearm including a frame containing loading, firing and ejectingmechanisms, a barrel secured to the frame, said barrel having anextension constituting an expansion chamber at the muzzle en d thereof,a casing movably mounted on-the barrel, and a tube secured to thelcasing and projccting'into the barrel extensionto form one wall of saidexpansion chamber.V

4. A firearm including a frame containing loading,firing and ejectingmechanisms, a barrel secured to the frame and having'an extensionconstituting an expansion chamber at its muzzle en d, a casing lnovablyextension to form one Wall of said expansion chamber, the outer surfaceof the inner end of said tube being recessed to permit passage of gasesinto said expansion chamben/ Y l5. A h'rearm including a framecontaining loading, firing and ejecting mechanisms, a barrel secured 'tosaid frame and having an extension constituting an expansion chamber atits muzzle en'd and a relief opening into saidexpansion chamber, acasing movably mounted on the oarrel, and a tube secured to the casingand projecting into the barrel extension -to form one wall of theexpansion,l

chamber.`

G. A firearm including a frame, a barrel secured tl'ereto, a' sleeveremovably secured to the outer end of the barrel and having an ,6.5vopening larger than `the opening through the barrel and a counter-boredopening forming an expansion chamber, a `'casing movably mounted on thebarrel, and a tube secured to said casing and projecting into the barrelsleeve to form one vvallr o? said expansion chamber.

7. A firearm including a frame with a l barrel secured thereto, a casingmovably mounted on the frame, said barrel: having an extensionconstituting an` eXpan- -sion chamber, a tube removablel secured to thecasing and proj ectin into t e barreLextension to form one wal of the;expansion chamber, and means for securing-*saidtube removablyin place. y

8. A firearm including a `frame with 'a barrel secured thereto, a sleeveremovably secured to the end of the barrel and having an opening largerin diameter than the opening in the barrel to form an expansion chamber,a casing slidably mounted on said sleeve, and a tube secured to saidcasing and projecting intov the sleeve to form one Wall' of theexpansion chamber, said tube having' an opening of substantially thesame diameter as that in the barrel. y I y 9. A firearm including aframe with a barrel secured thereto, a sleeve larger in diameter thanthe barrel and removably secured to the outer end thereof, saidA sleeveforming a shoulder, a casing slidably mounted upon the barrel-and uponsaid sleeve, an

actuating spring resting against the shoulder on said sleeve and againsta shoulder Within said casing, and a tube having an enlarged endremovably tting within Said casing, said tube projecting intothe .barrelsleeve and forming one Wall of an expansion chamber Within s 'aidsleeve.

10Q A firearm including a frame having a breech-bolt chamber withabreech-bolt locking groove therein, a breech-bolt removably located insaid chamber and having locking lugs adapted to enter said lockinggrooves, i'

a spring locatedA within the breech-bolt to rotate it, means fortensionino' said spring, and means for rotating the breech-bolt inopposition to said spring.

11. A firearm including a frame having a breech-bolt chamber thereinwith a breechbolt locking groove in said chamber, a breech-boltremovably located in said cham- Y "ber, a tensioning spring locatedWithin the breech-bolt' and arranged' to be expanded .When placedundertension, means for tensioning 'said spring, and means for rotatingthe breech-bolt in opposition to said spring. 12. A firearmincluding aframe having a breech-bolt chambertherein, Said chamber having` abreech-bolt locking groove, a

.breech-bolt removably located in s aid chamber and having a locking lugto entersaid groove, a spring located within the breechbolt,A a sleeveprojecting into the breech;

bolt to engage said Spring tohold it under tension, means for holdingsaid sleeve when the spring is under tension, und means upon the frameto engage and release said holding means in the operation of themechanism.`

13. A firearm including a frame ha ving a chamber therein, said chamberhaving a breech-bolt locking groove, a breech-bolt removably locatedinsaid chamberV and having a lug to enter said groove, a spring locatedWithin the breech-bolt, a sleeve extend-ing into the breech-bolt toengage said spring to hold it under tension, a latch upon the sleevearranged to engage a shoulder in the breech-bolt to hold the sleeve andbreechbolt against relative turning movement under tension of thespring, means to engage said latch to release it, and means for holdingthe sleeve against turning movement when said latch is released. A

' 14. A rearm including a frame having a breech-bolt chamber therein, abreech-bolt .mounted in said chamber and having a cam groove therein, acasing movably mounted onthe frame, an actuating lug from the casingprojecting into said groove, a catch ieldingly mounted. in thebreech-bolt and aving a cam surface to permit passage of said lug and aside to be engaged by said lug for operation of the breech-bolt, andmeans for releasing the catch from said lug. 15. A firearm including aframe having a breech-bolt chamber therein, a breech-bolt located insaid chamber, means for rotating the breech-bolt in one direction, saidbolt having a cam groove, a casing movably mounted on the frame, a lugprojecting from' the casing into said cam groove to'rotate thebreech-bolt in one direction, a yielding catch to be engaged by. saidlug to move the breech-bolt in one direction, said catch having a camsurface to permit passage of the lug thereover, and a releasing lugprojecting from the frame in position to engage said cam surface andmove the catch from engagement with said lug.

16. A firearm including a frame havinga breech-bolt chamber, saidchamber having a breech-bolt locking groove in the wall thereof, abreech-boltrotatably mounted in said',

chamber and having a lug to engage said locking groove, said breech-boltcontaining a chamber with a firing pin sleeve locking groove therein, afiring pin sleeve having a lug located in the locking groove in thebreech-bolt, a spring located Within the breech bolt and in engagementwith said sleeve for tensioning purposes, means for locking said sleeveto the breech-bolt With said spring under tension, means for releasingsaid locking means to permit turning movement of the breech-bolt, andmeans for stopping the turning movement ofl the breech-bolt with thelocking lug on the firing pin sleeve located in the locking groove inthe breech-bolt. A

17. A breech-bolt for a firearm having a chamber therein, a spiralspring located Within said chamber With one end thrusting against a fshoulder therein, a firing pin sleeve projecting into the breech-holtand having a shoulder to engage the opposite end of said spring totension it by expansion, means for locking the sleeve Within thebreech-bolt when said spring is under tension, and means 'for lockingthe sleeve against turning movement when the spring is under tension.1S. A breech-bolt having an openingtherein, a firing pin sleeveprojecting into said opening, a firing pin projecting through saidsleeve and through the breech-bolt, means for locking the sleeve' to thebreechbolt, said bolt having a recess in its end, means upon the firingpin to engage said Sleeve t0 hold the pin against turning movement withthe breech bolt, and means for turning the breech-bolt during itsforward movement to cause saidrecess to register. with said holdingmeans upon the firing pin.

19. A firearm including a frame having a breech-bolt chamber' therein, abreech-bolt rotatably and longitudinally movable in said chamber, meansfor securing the breechbolt in the chamber, said breech-bolt having anopening therein,a spring located vin said opening, a firing pin sleeveprojecting into the opening and engaged with said spring to tension it,a firing pin projecting through Said sleeve and through thebrcech-l'iolt, the latter having a recess in its edge, a projection fromthe firing pin arranged to enter said recess, said projection engagingsaid sleeve to hold the firing pin against turning movement with thebreech-bolt, and means for limiting the turning movenufnt of thebreech-bolt with said recess opposite the projection from the firingpin.

GRANT HAAN/IMONI).

lVitnesses An'runn B. JnNKiNs, E. A. EATON.

